We conducted a systematic review to address gaps in understanding the quality of Health Management Information System (HMIS) data, particularly nutrition data, across Ethiopia's diverse regions. We screened 790 papers, including 25 studies, to evaluate completeness, consistency, and timeliness metrics as per WHO standards. Findings revealed wide variability in completeness (50%- 100%), accuracy (38.9%-90.5%), and timeliness (41.87%-93.71%), with significant deficiencies noted, including indicator discrepancies and timeliness issues. Poor data quality was attributed to human resource shortages, capacity gaps, behavioral influences, and infrastructural deficits. Addressing these challenges through resource allocation, training, supervision, and feedback mechanisms is crucial for enhancing HMIS data quality, supporting informed decision-making, and improving population health outcomes in Ethiopia. Future interventions should prioritize sustainable improvements in data management to ensure reliable and comprehensive health information across the country.
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